Grammar

= = =Grammar.= By: Paige Gentry

=__//** Basic Rules **//__= - Nationalities. - Introduced by un. ( a, an) - Introduced by une.( a, an)
 * ===All nouns are either masculine or feminine.===
 * Beginning || __**Masculine**__ || __**Feminine**__ ||
 * **//je suis...//** || français || française ||
 * **//tu es...//** || américan || américaine ||
 * ===When nouns referring to boys or men, they are masculine.===
 * ===When referring to girls, they are feminine.===


 * || __**Masculine**__ || __**English**__ ||  || __**Feminine**__ || __**English**__ ||
 * //**UN**// || un garçon || __a__ boy || //**UNE**// || une fille || __a__ girl ||
 * || un ami || __a__ male friend ||  || une amie || __a__ female friend ||


 * ===When referring to the boy or girl, use la or le.===

- Un ami --> **l'**ami - Une amie --> **l'**amie
 * || __**Masculine**__ || __**English**__ ||  || __**Feminine**__ || __**English**__ ||
 * //**Le**// || le garçon || __The__ boy || //**La**// || la fille || __The__ girl ||
 * || le copain || __The__ friend ||  || la copine || __The__ friend ||
 * **Both le and la become l' before a vowel.**


 * ===My or your use these terms.===


 * || __**Masculine**__ || __**English**__ ||  || __**Feminine**__ || __**English**__ ||
 * //**MON**// || mon cousin || my male cousin || //**MA**// || ma cousine || my female cousin ||
 * || mon frère || my brother ||  || ma soeur || my sister ||
 * //**TON**// || ton cousin || your cousin || __**TA**__ || ta cousine || your cousin ||
 * || ton frère || your brother ||  || ta soeur || your sister ||

- une ami --> mon amie, ton amie
 * ===Feminie ma becomes mon and ta becomes ton before a vowel sound. Laison is required.===

- Salade - Pizza - Omelette - Crêpe - Glace - Hot dog
 * ===Foods are either masculine or feminine.===
 * Une:**

- Steak - Steak-frites - Hamburger
 * Un:**
 * - Croissant **
 * - Sandwich **

**- le + number + month** //- Exception:// First of the month is le premier - **Never** use **l'** in front of a number, always **le** - When __abbreviated,__ the day always comes first
 * **Dates**


 * ===**Être**===
 * || __**Être**__ || __**to be**__ || __**Example**__ ||
 * **Singular** || Je **suis** || I am || Je **suis** américain. ||
 * || tu **es** || You are || Tu **es** canadienne. ||
 * || il/elle **est** || he/she is || Il **est** anglais. ||
 * **Plural** || nous **sommes** || We are || Nous **sommes** à #|Paris. ||
 * || vous **êtes** || You are || Vous **êtes** à San Francisco. ||
 * || ils/elles **sont** || They are || Ils **sont** à Genève. ||
 * **Subject Pronouns-**Je, tu, il, elle.
 * **Singular**- __one__ person (object)
 * **Plural**- __two__ or more people (object)
 * **Irregular Verbs**- does not follow a predictable pattern
 * être
 * **Conjugation**- __pronouns__ and thier corresponding __verb forms__

**Tu or Vous?**

 * **Tu** is informal
 * **Vous** is formal or plural

**Ils or Elles?**

 * **Ils** -__two__ more __males__, or __mixed group__ of males and females
 * **Elles** __-two__ or more __females__

-**est-ce que** + statement? **Est-ce que** Marc est ici? -**est-ce qu'** (+ vowel sound) **Est-ce qu'**il est en ville? - Voice goes __up__ at end of question
 * __**Answering Questions**__
 * Yes/ no** questions:

- subject + **ne** + verb + **pas** Je **ne** suis **pas** français. - **n'** (+ vowel sound) Marc **n'** est **pas** avec moi.
 * __**Negative answers**__


 * **-ER**
 * **Infinitives:** basic form of verb


 * Infinitve || parler || habiter || Endings ||
 * Stem || parl- || habit- ||  ||
 * Present tense || Je **parl//__e__//** || Je **habit//__e__//** || -e ||
 * (singular) || Tu **parl//__es__//** || Tu **habit__e__//__s__//** || -es ||
 * || Il/elle **parl//__e__//** || Il/elle **habit//__e__//** || -e ||
 * Stem never changes.
 * Infinitice minus -er
 * Ending change with subject
 * **Regular verbs**: follow a pattern

- The ending -**ent** is //silent//. - When -**ger** ends, the //nous form// ends - **geons**
 * Infinitve || parler || habiter || Endings ||
 * Stem || parl- || habit- ||  ||
 * Present tense || Nous **parl__//ons//__** || Nous **habit//__ons__//** || -ons ||
 * (#|plural) || Vous **parl//__ez__//** || Vous **habit__//ez//__** || -ez ||
 * || Ils/elles **parl//__ent__//** || ils/elles **habit__//ent//__** || -ent ||

Negative and affirmative
subject + **ne** + verb + **pas** + **n'** ( + vowel sound)
 * Affirmative || Negative ||
 * **je** parle || **je ne** parle **pas** ||
 * **tu** parles || **tu ne** parles **pas** ||
 * **Il/elle** parle || **Il/elle ne** parle **pas** ||
 * **nous** parlons || **nous ne** parlons **pas** ||
 * **vous** parlez || **vous ne** parlez **pas** ||
 * **ils/elles** parlent || **ils/elles** **ne** parlent **pas** ||

For more help: [|Click here]


 * Sentence construction**: __**"I like ..."**__ And so on for negative.
 * subject + **present tense** + infinitive.. of **aimer**


 * nous **aimons**voyager.
 * //Same for all infinitives//

Information questions

 * __Interrogative expression__ + **est-ce que** + subject + verb...?
 * __Quand__ **est-ce que**vous traveillez?
 * **qu'** for vowel sound

Asking "who?"

 * Form of who? ||  ||
 * Qui? || Who(m)? ||
 * À qui? || To who? ||
 * De qui? || About who? ||
 * Avec qui? || With who? ||
 * Pour qui? || For who? ||


 * Qu'est-ce que means what
 * **Qu'est-ce que** + subject + verb?
 * **qu'** for vowel sound


 * Faire
 * to do, make
 * Irregular verb
 * Je fais Nous faisons
 * Tu fais Vous faites
 * il/elle fait ils/elles font

__**Inversion**__- inverting or reversing the order of the pronoun and the verb
 * Yes/no Verb/ subject ...?
 * Voyagez-vous souvent?
 * Interrogative expression + **verb/ subject pronoun**...?
 * Avec qui **travaillez-vous demain**?
 * //inversions// connect the s__ubject pronoun__ and the __verb__ with a **hyphen**

__**grammar: Etre, avoir, aller, faire, est es a,**__ __**Vocab: souvent, boucoup, ect.**__ __**Culture: animals, more on money. maps popular foods/drinks**__

=French Two Study Guide.=


 * <  ||< **__Avoir__** ||< **__To have__** ||< **__Example__** ||
 * < **Singular** ||< J'**ai** ||< I have ||< J' **ai** une copine à Québec. ||
 * <  ||< tu **as** ||< You have ||< Est-ce que tu **as** un frère? ||
 * <  ||< il/elle **a** ||< he/she has ||< Philippe **a** une cousine à Paris. ||
 * < **Plural** ||< Nous **avons** ||< We have ||< Nous **avons** un ordinateur. ||
 * <  ||< Vous **avez** ||< You have ||< Est-ce que vous **avez** une moto? ||
 * <  ||< ils/elles **ont** ||< They have ||< Ils n'**ont** pas ton appareil-photo. ||

Masculine and Feminine Nouns:
Nouns designated with a male are **always** //masculine.// Nouns designated with a female are **always** //feminine.//
 * __un garçon, un ami__
 * __une fille, une amie__

__**Exceptions:**__
 * __Une personne__ is **always feminine**.
 * __un professeur__ is **always masculine**.

- Other nouns have any pattern or similarities. Each word has their own article.

Articles:

 * || //Masculine// || //Feminine// ||  ||
 * __Indefinate Articles__ || **un** a, an || **une** a, an || **un** garçon **une** fille ||
 * __Definate Articles__ || **le** the || **la** the || **le** garçon **la** fille ||

Pronouns:
it || Où est **le** garçon? **Il** est en classe. Où est **le** portable? **Il** est sur la table. || it || Où est **la** fille? **Elle** esr un ville. Où est **la** voiture? **Elle** est là-bas. ||
 * __Masculine__ || **il** He
 * __Feminine__ || **elle** she

Singular to Plural.

 * ===**le/la** turns into **les**===
 * **un/une** turns into **des**

Plural Nouns
In most cases. - Singular noun + s = Plural noun - If noun already ends in s it stays the same when plural - The -s of the plural word is always silent - People are always plural - People (gens), Person(personne)